International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics

V. S. Radhika ¹, Priyadarshini C. Gadad ¹, G. N. Kulkarni ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Climate change will have a profound impact on human and eco-systems during the coming decades through variations in global average temperature and rainfall. The present study was done to decipher the socio-economic vulnerability of climate change in Karnataka using the secondary data. Karnataka is the second most vulnerable state in India to be impacted by climate change as the North Karnataka regions have the arid and driest regions. Tabular analyses have been used to derive valid conclusions. The vulnerability index at district level was computed based on the demographic and social, occupational, agricultural and climatic dimensions. Local communities at the micro ecosystem level adapt/cope up with the changing climate conditions. The changing climate results to permanent migration from densely settled areas to less denser areas. It was observed that the large farmers were able to benefit from government subsidies, formal bank credit and crop insurance while smaller farmers were having less access to benefits caused due to lack of information and dependence on local merchants for credit. A large proportion of talukas in Karnataka are most backward falling in Gulbarga division of the northern Karnataka. Local communities at the micro ecosystem level adopt/cope up with the changing climate conditions.

Keywords

Climate Change, Vulnerability, Sensitivity.

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Shilpa P. Chowti ¹, Priyadarshini C. Gadad ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Finance in agriculture is as important as other inputs being used in agricultural production. Realizing the importance of agricultural credit in fostering agricultural growth and development, the emphasis on the institutional framework for agricultural credit is being emphasized since the beginning of planned development era in India. The paper discusses the history and need of agricultural finance in India, sources and magnitude of agricultural finance and assesses its progress. The article is based on the secondary data compiled from diverse sources and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. Finance is needed to farmers both for production and consumption (unproductive) purposes. The two major sources of finance in agriculture are institutional and non- institutional sources. Over the years, there has been a sharp decline in the percentage of agricultural credit financed by noninstitutionalized sources like money-lenders from 90.90 per cent to 21.90 per cent. The highest increase inloans issued was in the case of Scheduled Commercial Banks with CGR of 18.82 while the lowest was in the case of co-operatives with CGR of 13.34 per cent in case of short term credit. In case of long term credit, the highest loan outstanding was in the case of Scheduled Commercial Banks with CGR of 29.13 per cent while the lowest was in the case of co-operatives with CGR of 4.49 per cent. Imparting training to borrowers regarding procedural formalities of financial institutions could be helpful in increasing their access to institutional credit. The option of microfinance and Kisan Credit Card (KCC) should be adopted and streamlined to alleviate theplight of the marginal, small and tribal farmers. They should be linked effectively to the self-help groups (SHGs).

Keywords

Agriculture, Finance, Institutional, Non-Institutional Sources, Kisan Credit Card.

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Shilpa P. Chowti ¹, Priyadarshini C. Gadad ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Financial inclusion is a process of ensuring access to financial services and to provide timely and adequate credit needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups a tan affordable cost. The paper highlights the basic features of financial inclusion, its approaches, issues, challenges and its need for socio-economic development of the society. Rural India presents a remarkable opportunity for bankers and financial institutions to seek their fortunes and bring prosperity to the aspiring poor through financial inclusion. But to achieve this, the government should provide a less perspective environment in which banks are free to pursue the innovations necessary to reach low income consumers and still make a profit. Financial service providers should learn more about the consumers and new business models to reach them. A holistic approach on the part of the banks in creating awareness about financial products, education and advice on money management, debt counselling, savings and affordable credit would be required. Moreover, there is a need of cost-effective manner of forging linkages with microfinance institutions and local communities. Technology can be a very valuable tool in providing access to banking products in remote areas.Therefore, financial inclusion has the potential and is a great step to alleviate poverty in India from its ischolar_mains.

Keywords

Financial Inclusion, Stages Of Development, Poverty Alleviation, Policy Option.

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